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Host autoassignment ipv6 » Historial » Versió 6

Victor Oncins, 22-11-2012 11:51

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h1. Auto-assignment of IPv6 host-oriented prefixes and collision estimation
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One of the desired features is qmp nodes are able to offer native IPv6 addressing to final hosts. IPv6 based networks usually assign /64 prefix to each host-oriented interface, subnetted from a bigger /48. This implies the nodes have 2^16 possible /64 prefixes to auto-assign.
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If we want to use MAC address numbering and grant the non-coincidence of auto-generated prefixes, we'll need a mapping function from 48 bits of MAC to 48 bits of IPv6 prefix. According to this auto-configure addressing philosophy, we deduce that is impossible to avoid the election of the same prefix /64 (collision) by one or more network interfaces.
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Thus the collision probability is greater than 0 if more than one network interface is auto-addressed. We
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could calculate this probability and then estimate the maximum number of network interfaces that can be auto-addresses with 
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a collision probability less than certain value.
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Let the last l LSB of a MAC address, where 1<=l<=24. We left the first 24 bits from OUI. Thus we have a k=2^l possible endings. If 
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we have in the network N different OUI, we'll have p=N*2^(24-l) possible MAC addresses for each possible ending. Obviously n=k*p is the 
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total space of possible MAC present in that network. If the network randomly includes two or more MAC with the same l-bit ending, we'll have a collision, i.e. the same IPv6 /64 prefix will be auto-assigned on different network interfaces.
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If we select randomly m (m < k) interfaces (MAC addresses) from N OUI, we obtain 
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n! / m! n-m!
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different combinations without replacement. This set of m MAC addresses will contain a subset of combinations where all its MAC addresses have different l-bits ending. These combinations will generate /64 prefixes without collision. The number of such combinations is
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p^m * k! / m! k-m! 
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thus the non-collision probability is
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P_nc(m) = p ^m * k! n-m! / n! k-m!
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If only one interface is present in the network P_nc(1) = kp/n = 1, i.e. the collision is impossible.
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We can now calculate the maximum number M of interfaces such that the probability of collision is less than certain value. The following table
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shows this number for a maximum collision probability of 4%.
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|_.Prefix size |_.l |_.M for N=2 |_.M for N=20 |_.M for N=200 |
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|/51	|13 	|27		|27		|27|
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|/50	|14 	|38		|38		|38|
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|/49	|15 	|53		|53		|53|
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|/48	|16 	|74		|74		|74|
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|/47	|17 	|105		|104		|104|
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|/46	|18 	|148		|147		|147|
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|/45	|19 	|210		|208		|208|
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|/44	|20 	|298		|294		|294|
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|/43	|21 	|428		|416		|415|
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|/42	|22 	|627		|520		|587|
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|/41	|23 	|957		|839		|830|
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|/40	|24 	|1656		|1202		|1174|
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We note that the variation of M with the number of OUI is very small. *Thus the maximum number of interfaces in a /48 network with a collision
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probability of 4% is 74.*